Which of the following are considered risk factors for teen violence?

The presence of bullying, gangs, drugs, and weapons are recognized as significant risk factors for teen violence. These elements create an environment where aggression and conflict can thrive. For instance, involvement in gangs often leads to a sense of loyalty that can encourage violent behaviors as a means of protecting the group or asserting dominance. Bullying contributes to emotional distress and can escalate into more severe acts of violence as the bullied individuals may retaliate or become desensitized to aggressive behavior.

Moreover, exposure to drugs can impair judgment and increase impulsivity, leading to a higher likelihood of violent actions. Weapons in the hands of adolescents can also escalate conflicts into more dangerous situations. Each of these factors contributes to a scenario where teens may engage in violent behavior as a response to their environment or peer pressures.

In contrast, the other options highlight protective factors or positive influences that generally reduce the likelihood of violence in teens, such as positive friendships, academic success, parental support, and participation in extracurricular activities, which are linked to healthier social and emotional development.