What does non-verbal communication include?

Non-verbal communication encompasses a wide range of expressive behaviors that do not involve spoken or written words. It includes gestures, facial expressions, posture, eye contact, tone of voice, and body language. These elements can convey emotions, attitudes, and reactions, often complementing or even contradicting what is said verbally. For instance, a smile can suggest friendliness, while crossed arms may indicate defensiveness.

This type of communication is crucial because it can significantly influence how messages are interpreted and understood. It plays a vital role in conveying feelings and intentions that may not be explicitly stated. Understanding non-verbal cues is essential for effective interpersonal communication, as they often reveal more about the speaker's true emotions than their words alone.